tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-68470276376647804112024-03-04T21:19:34.845-08:00Electronic TodayThe guide to electronic things. Here's essential information on electronic devices.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.comBlogger17125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-6322099319223537142011-06-15T10:23:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:24:12.976-07:00Wireless Headphone Transmitter Receiver CircuitWireless headphone transmitter receiver now widely available in the market with a variety of pricing options with a reliable technical specification for a variety of allocations which include wireless headphones for tv or tv headphones, cellphones, wireless earbuds, wireless headphones for computers, or wireless headsets for computers. A wireless headphones is nothing but a wireless headphone transmitter receiver.<br />
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A wireless headphone transmitter receiver consists of a transmitter to function as the sender of the audio from the source and a receiver that receives voice which can then be heard through a headphone. The price of a wireless headphone range $ 20 - $ 400 with different shapes and different qualities. For a wireless headphone with the best quality, you can select a digital wireless headphones like Sennheiser RS 170, which has features Dynamic Bass and Surround Sound.<br />
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When faced with a decision to choose a best wireless headphones, I think you will not be settled on one if they do not limit it to basic uses of wireless headphones themselves. The development of wireless technology and audio is very fast, could be on a wireless headphone that features the perfect clarity of sound, such as noise canceling wireless headphones. However, here we have yet to discuss this further just want to know the basic functions of a wireless headphone transmitter receiver circuit.<br />
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As has already mentioned above that in a wireless headphone consisted of a transmitter and a receiver. We do not speak the audio quality is generated in the receiver (headphone), just to give you a picture to the hobby of electronics to know fundamentally about the wireless headphone transmitter receiver.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Wireless Headphones Transmitter</span><br />
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The quality of reception of the wireless headphone transmitter is approximately 2 meters. Oscillator frequency is in the AM band (SW1) is 1750 KHz-3500 kHz using ferrite rod antenna. Audio signal is received and amplified through a preamplifier IC 741 and the buffer by TC1 Transistor BD241. Signal D1 serves as an oscillator voltage stabilizer which is a modulated audio transmitter which are AM (Amplitude Modulation). The supply voltage used between 12-18V with current consumption about 150mA.<br />
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Coil Specification<br />
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L1 is a toroidal core T50-2 with 80 turns, 0.2mm Ø. L2 requires a 10-20cm ferrite rod. L2a has three turns, 0.6mm Ø Coiled Ground at the end of L2b sandwiches has 30 turns, 0.5mm Ø.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Wireless Headphone Receiver</span><br />
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This wireless headphone receiver built using IC ZN415 to short wave receivers manufactured by Ferranti. Use of this IC is to ensure a quality reproduction that has an audio amplifier and the MA detector need only be supplied with a 1.5V battery voltage with a current consumption of 5mA.<br />
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To select the frequency of reception of the wireless headphone receiver, you need to adjust the trimmer C1 with a non-metal screw on the band SW1, with a frequency range of 1700 KHz-3400 KHz. Component L1 has 40 turns, 0.2 Ø Ø 20mm copper and ferrite.<br />
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Where to obtain the audio quality and signal reception is clear. You can use the Frequency Modulation (FM) on the wireless headphones, so you need to modify the wireless headphone transmitter receiver circuit is.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-79135355054293446312010-11-01T19:31:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:17:46.960-07:00Motion Sensor Lights<h3 style="color: red;">
The Advantages of Motion Sensor Lights</h3>
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Every day we use the lamp as a torch, especially at night. We can take advantage of the lamp to the possibility of greater profits as <b>motion sensor lights</b> proved to be useful for some specific purpose. Not just use it as power-saving lamps, but the greater is the security and comfort because it serves as extraordinary special sensors.<br />
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Maybe some of you have experience when walking at night past a house and saw a special light is on, just because your movement is detected. Maybe you will be amazed and think this light is very helpful and efficient, which gives attraction for any homeowner.<br />
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By installing light sensors in all your yards, it will automatically detect the intruder or the like thereby increasing the element of protection for your family security. This will prevent criminal activity or crime simply by creating a warning through a light sensor that automatically blamed that cause conscious and scared the intruder away.<br />
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This step is effectively carried out because it prevents the crime occurred inside your home. <i>Motion sensor lights</i> are more efficient to use than the security system in the room. The fact of an early warning before the criminals got into your home, which means preventing the destruction of the element of force as an early action of criminals to be able to go in the form of broken doors and broken window glass.<br />
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Motion detector lighting system not only functions as a <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/home-surveillance-cameras.html" title="home security system">home security system</a>. These sensor lights will be activated only if the motion is detected so it can turn on and off himself. So this light really helped you without needing to be kept alive until the need to back off, which gives the fact that there will be saving electricity and reducing the cost of your bill.<br />
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These <b>motion sensor lights</b> with automatic lighting mode will help you in other ways. Especially when you come home at night requires lighting. You carry a bag of groceries in hand and may be difficult to find the light switch in the dark, and raised with all the things in your hands. All such is not a problem anymore. Motion detector lights will do it for you so you can easily get into your house.<br />
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Starting henceforth you can take advantage of this technology, <i>motion sensor lights</i>. To get a motion sensor lamp is dependent on the features you want to use. The price of this lamp on average, are considered affordable at a price not much different from the average price of a smoke alarm. However, you should remember the benefits you get from this light is always greater than the price.<br />
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Read more about <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/6v-charger.html" title="NiMH Battery Charger"><b>NiMH Battery Charger</b></a> and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/wireless-security-alarm.html" title="Wireless Security Alarm"><b>Wireless Security Alarm</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-91958113854473527392010-10-24T19:30:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:17:18.482-07:00Noise-Cancelling Headphones<h3 style="color: red;">
How to Change Your Headphones into Noise-Cancelling Headphones</h3>
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<b>Noise-cancelling headphones</b> is a tool to block out background noise used in the headphones. You can find many commercial models are available in the market but essentially all perform the same function.<br />
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You want to know what is behind a <i>noise-cancelling headphones</i> circuit. This is done by reproducing an ambient sound with microphone out of phase, so that the active noise background can be "null" or canceled. You also can add this feature in <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/headphone-amplifier.html" title="headphones">headphones</a> because this circuit is simple enough to make that all yours a best noise cancelling headphones.<br />
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Active <b>noise-cancelling headphones</b> let you mix in an auxiliary line-level from a MP3 or CD player along with noise-features. In this way, the background noise can be minimized while you listen to music quietly.<br />
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With the aim to strengthen background noise, this circuit also has a phase switch so that your microphone signals remain in phase. In addition, there are several other interesting functions match added to the design of this <i>noise-cancelling headphones</i>.<br />
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<b>Noise-cancelling headphones</b> is composed of three op-amp circuit using the NE5532 dual op-amp. Each op-amp is set in different configurations, namely a non-inverting pre-amp, a unity-gain phase-inverter, and an inverting <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/headphone-amplifier.html" title="headphone amplifier">headphone amplifier</a>.<br />
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<i>Noise-cancelling Headphones</i> are two circuits side by side so that it can be used in two-channel stereo audio. <a href="http://gilmore2.chem.northwestern.edu/projects/noise_prj.htm" rel="nofollow" title="Noise-Cancelling Headphones Project">Noise-Cancelling Headphones Project</a>.P2S4YMSRWFT2<br />
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Read more about <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/nimh-battery-chargers.html" title="NiMH USB Charger"><b>NiMH USB Charger</b></a> and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/metal-detector.html" title="Homemade Metal Detector"><b>Homemade Metal Detector</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-65945407694446631032010-10-23T08:29:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:16:50.162-07:00Home Surveillance Cameras<h3 style="color: red;">
Low Budget Home Surveillance Cameras</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBMIp-zq97lJOHSKiACDyCxO9Se9Xd652_A1hkwSYK51iDtmrXbaOT6YEATw7PDNzYa4HVETs4txrxoQTX5xvv2IpKy9-3inSFaOVJjm7ROTCdThwCyiqWIY5yE091nrz1t739n2WkIJY/s1600/home-surveillance-cameras.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBMIp-zq97lJOHSKiACDyCxO9Se9Xd652_A1hkwSYK51iDtmrXbaOT6YEATw7PDNzYa4HVETs4txrxoQTX5xvv2IpKy9-3inSFaOVJjm7ROTCdThwCyiqWIY5yE091nrz1t739n2WkIJY/s200/home-surveillance-cameras.jpg" title="Home Surveillance Cameras" width="200" /></a></div>
<b>Home surveillance cameras </b>are very important to ensure <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/wireless-security-alarm.html" title="maximum security">maximum security</a> of your home and family from possible disruption and damage to property. To choose the right camera of the many that are available today, you need a good and powerful camera, easily controlled and powerful lens. However, to get it may have to spend lots of money, especially if your home has a wide coverage area.<br />
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If you have a lower budget on camera, you still have other options. Within an affordable budget amount is managed by just installing a number of tools to function more optimally. You can choose to monitor the outside and focus on the main entrance. Next, you can also buy short-range camera and install it in such a way as to cover all important points from a close range. This will significantly reduce overall costs.<br />
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Then you can also install integrated surveillance cameras around the house with a low price. There are many online sellers in internet that you can call to get a discount or used products, which offers a respectable amount of discount or additional bonus with their cameras. In most cases, the price is lower than market value. You can find some trusted site easily when you make a search.<br />
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You can also find an online store that sells second-hand but good conditioned camera. There are even some sites even fully responsible for their products and offer a warranty for the products used. There are several sites that have used <i>home surveillance cameras</i>, but camera owners to sell itself, not the site. If you find anything like this, you should be very careful. Before making a final decision, you better look at the seller's sales history to see how sincere he is.<br />
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The online store has detailed information about each item, and you can go to one by one in their catalog to see the specs. Then you can go to see the specs in the catalog one by one, which is usually owned by an online store involves details about each item. By knowing these specifications, you can find out which one suits your needs best. Based on that, you can see the camera has the lowest price. You can also check the same thing in multiple locations and go to the lowest.<br />
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In addition to online retailers, you probably can find an offer discounts on home surveillance camera in the paper if a sale is annual or special offers from manufacturers. However, they do not come once or twice a year.<br />
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However, whatever you do, make sure the camera is good enough for your purposes; else, no matter how much or how low you have paid, it will be worthwhile.<br />
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You may be interrested in reading my other guides on <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/nimh-battery-chargers.html" title="NiMH Batery Chargers"><b>NiMH Batery Chargers</b></a> and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/6v-charger.html" title="Lead/acid Battery Charger"><b>Lead/acid Battery Charger</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-91980233578190497812010-10-22T11:28:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:16:26.975-07:00Custom Power Supplies<h3 style="color: red;">
How to Build Custom Power Supplies</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHB88BWqQD9eyZe2SiNBzsFOGZJv5e059slrTIvpiLmwy1_IrtpCUH75puMDfdD3Er-nlIwyNcVUL0gyMT_BkkWLQYi0xQNqGJNHMIipZsaJTkRwhfAMlP79ILclEIORQC2MYgEer6I8Y/s1600/custom-power-supples-webench-power-designer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHB88BWqQD9eyZe2SiNBzsFOGZJv5e059slrTIvpiLmwy1_IrtpCUH75puMDfdD3Er-nlIwyNcVUL0gyMT_BkkWLQYi0xQNqGJNHMIipZsaJTkRwhfAMlP79ILclEIORQC2MYgEer6I8Y/s200/custom-power-supples-webench-power-designer.jpg" title="Custom Power Supples Webench Power Designer" width="200" /></a></div>
If you are an engineer or anyone who needs <b>custom power supplies</b> in accordance with appropriate requirements. Currently, it can be done easily. Use the “Build it” which is a feature in the software WEBENCH from National Semiconductor.<br />
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You just choose to order a <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="power supply">power supply</a> kit is fully assembled or custom, and tested boards matching your exact requirements. You can shave time from your design cycle simply by using this innovative service in building <i>custom power suplies</i>.<br />
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In building your <b>custom power supplies</b> will be difficult to trace to find the parts such as <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/power-supply-ic.html" title="power inductors">power inductors</a> and tantalum capacitors. Conversely, an engineer just entering credit card numbers, the National and their partners are doing all the work.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCMJVHfcuFn9KQE8LY6Z1YPLg6sDc5J0k8RRpgc2L_dpDIXYJQ6Zo9jaouqS44Y5GJmC8hyIRVzNqXDHlf6WsTftZtGNkZgJ7ghj4IAwttS9bdUnucqdY46Ww07Vm-Pm2geRhfsoSlcmk/s1600/custom-power-supples-with-webench-power-designer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCMJVHfcuFn9KQE8LY6Z1YPLg6sDc5J0k8RRpgc2L_dpDIXYJQ6Zo9jaouqS44Y5GJmC8hyIRVzNqXDHlf6WsTftZtGNkZgJ7ghj4IAwttS9bdUnucqdY46Ww07Vm-Pm2geRhfsoSlcmk/s320/custom-power-supples-with-webench-power-designer.jpg" title="Custom Power Supples with Webench Power Designer" width="320" /></a></div>
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Custom Power Supples-with WEBENCH Power Designer</div>
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WEBENCH environment provides the power of end-to-end design and supply of prototype tools you need to create a custom power supplies or DC-DC converter that meets the requirements of power supply of your design. The WEBENCH Tools allows designers to solve the problem of switching power supply design before prototypes are built, reducing the time and problems associated with <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/power-supply-ic.html" title="traditional power supply">traditional power supply</a> design methods.<br />
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WEBENCH Toolset can also be used as a selection device to find the best switching regulator or MOSFET controller to your application or solution to power supply. Many new parts are fully supported such as Simple Switcher LMZ Power Modules, LM2267x, LM2268x and LM315x Regulator and MOSFET Controller.<br />
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You mat interested in reading my other guides on <a battery="" chargers="" circuit="" href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/auto-battery-chargers.html" title="Auto"><b>Auto Battery Chargers Circuit</b></a> and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/6v-charger.html" title="LM317 Voltage Regulator"><b>LM317 Voltage Regulator</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-87369786629710406782010-10-22T11:14:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:15:58.621-07:00Power Supply IC<h3 style="color: red;">
The Importance of Power Supply IC</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmWXyUXQ_t_fCCyWiHaOTOV_CoFJYS-o6JORlR02iHMQ-EQ1gBilIoWPjdlkjYQdau0vgGVYrSy_Z66puXQ0atmleSp9WLkTy36hH3ksZNX81pa613-WoLZzwAmIT13hWXcfCjYEPj5lo/s1600/power-supply-ic-maxim.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmWXyUXQ_t_fCCyWiHaOTOV_CoFJYS-o6JORlR02iHMQ-EQ1gBilIoWPjdlkjYQdau0vgGVYrSy_Z66puXQ0atmleSp9WLkTy36hH3ksZNX81pa613-WoLZzwAmIT13hWXcfCjYEPj5lo/s200/power-supply-ic-maxim.jpg" title="Power Supply IC" width="200" /></a></div>
Selecting a <b>power supply IC</b> can be a difficult task for the inexperienced. Some tips will be described below on how to select the IC is at its most basic level that can help beginners take the first step to becoming a power-supply designer.<br />
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The main purpose of the <i><a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="power supply">power supply</a> IC</i> is to regulate the taking unregulated input voltage and provides regulated output voltage that remains stable in a variety of input voltage and output current.<br />
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This accounts for a <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/6v-charger.html" title="linear regulator">linear regulator</a> and switching regulator. The Exception to a simple definition is the charge pump. Depending on the particular device, the charge pump output can be either regulated or not regulated.<br />
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Sometimes you make a regulator with the regulated output voltage from a regulated input voltage. In this case, the function of the <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="regulator">regulator</a> is to convert input voltage to another voltage level, without the need to improve voltage regulation.<br />
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The function of the regulator is to convert input voltage to another voltage level, without the need to improve voltage regulation. You may successfully create a circuit without a regulator in some cases, such as portable power equipment directly from the <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/marine-battery-charger.html" title="battery">battery</a>.<br />
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This approach may cause some problems because the circuits in portable devices usually operate properly within a narrow range of specific voltage. If high speed is required in <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/temperature-data-logger.html" title="microprocessors">microprocessors</a> and memory, the voltage range where the batteries can operate beyond acceptable levels. For circuit can receive the appropriate voltage necessary to use a regulator.<br />
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If the regulator is not used in portable equipment, battery internal resistance can also cause problems, because the circuit often required different levels of supply current. Causing a voltage level different due to changes of <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/auto-battery-chargers.html" title="internal resistance batteries">internal resistance batteries</a>.<br />
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This problem can be solved a regulator for the output voltage remains stable even though the load current varies. Active circuit regulators maintain the output resistance which is significantly lower than the series’ resistance of the <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/solar-aa-battery-charger.html" title="batteries">batteries</a>.<br />
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Any attempt to design without a regulator challenges the necessity of the steady voltage that regulators provide, despite varying input voltage or output current. However, there is even more to consider. In most cases switching and linear regulators, as with regulated and unregulated charge pumps, serve an additional purpose: they create a voltage with a different magnitude from the voltage that powers them.<br />
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This explains for the name DC-DC converter. Technically speaking, all three types of power-supply ICs discussed here (e.g. linear regulators, switching regulators, and charge pumps) are DC-DC converters. However, the term is normally reserved for switching regulators.<br />
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It somewhat limited when converting voltage levels, a linear regulator can only produce a voltage lower than the voltage supplying it. Much more versatile, a switching regulator can step up (boost), step down (buck), or invert (change the polarity of) its supply voltage. Charge pumps perform these same three operations, but with the limited output-current capability. (<a href="http://electronic-circuit.net/power-supply-ic/" title="Power Supply IC">Power Supply IC</a>)<br />
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See more about <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/auto-battery-chargers.html" title="Auto Battery Charger"><b>Auto Battery Charger</b></a> and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/nimh-battery-chargers.html" title="NiMH Battery Charger"><b>NiMH Battery Charger</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-43944013722618356322010-10-22T01:59:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:15:01.681-07:00Headphone Amplifier<h3 style="color: red;">
Studio Stereo Headphone Amplifier</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfqxlhhqxBmh6TJebe6TCjjO1kq8FAqwoV0Hy8bZDXGOmbpWrHAie9WyBqWeHK8zMbIvqYRLjYEr9KWVTIp62FsrAD6kW5ZH6_yAbSpvccmyZ6UVZXVVaS2xMsZhyphenhyphenef0AmtIhgEPL-9Cs/s1600/stereo-headphone-amplifier.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="159" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfqxlhhqxBmh6TJebe6TCjjO1kq8FAqwoV0Hy8bZDXGOmbpWrHAie9WyBqWeHK8zMbIvqYRLjYEr9KWVTIp62FsrAD6kW5ZH6_yAbSpvccmyZ6UVZXVVaS2xMsZhyphenhyphenef0AmtIhgEPL-9Cs/s200/stereo-headphone-amplifier.jpg" title="Stereo Headphone Amplifier" width="200" /></a></div>
This is a dual/<b>stereo headphone amplifier</b> with high quality audio. This headphone amplifier can drive high or low impedance phones with low noise and distortion. When used with line level signals from CD/MP3 players, etc., requiring only a <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="power supply">power supply</a> and volume potentiometer.<br />
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Many high-power amplifier audio designs have already provided an output for headphones. To support simple headphones, additional circuitry is required by adding only two resistors in series with the loudspeaker output to limit the drive current and protects the phone that in terms of reinforcing failure.<br />
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Considering its simplicity, this scheme works well resistive limit, although it will cause distortion if the load is non-linear - a prospect that may be most headphones. In addition to eliminating potential sources of distortion, there are a number of other reasons why you might consider to build a separate<i> headphone amplifier</i>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnknuNoIU0BTIvfWJe9GiqYtwIImwJ10TMtc24j_mraGsSDgGVQMOm6i7ibOz-SnL2J8Ms-LHpZapCmeueaR-baKPXiVfioZfP3VVwHptauNqUSojHz87okcbs3eh-lmeusB8Y_37JUwo/s1600/stereo-headphone-amplifier-overlay.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnknuNoIU0BTIvfWJe9GiqYtwIImwJ10TMtc24j_mraGsSDgGVQMOm6i7ibOz-SnL2J8Ms-LHpZapCmeueaR-baKPXiVfioZfP3VVwHptauNqUSojHz87okcbs3eh-lmeusB8Y_37JUwo/s320/stereo-headphone-amplifier-overlay.jpg" title="Stereo Headphone Amplifier Overlay" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Stereo Headphone Amplifier Overlay</div>
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To get started, not everyone has a pair of headphones or even the top-rated high-performance power amplifier. After all, an amplifier that equals or betters the performance of this new <b>headphone amplifier</b> will set you back more than a few money!<br />
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Another reason might be for use with the latest "high-tech" audio electronics gear. The headphone outputs in much of this gear cannot drive low-impedance ’phones – or at least not to decent listening levels. In addition, available output power in portable devices is deliberately limited to conserve <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/solar-aa-battery-charger.html" title="battery energy">battery energy</a>. This means that lots of distortion might be present at higher listening levels, even with sensitive headphones.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9GynPrNHUAk8zugTcREkadgmLDzneEfpeh9Go1pdfajc19mdIyO9WnuD6AroyO2Rcc8Th9fxctePRKYVxtLE0U9By4bL3fiFS5chjL8UV2rVTnf8S3wwYPOT7IEgzfybOccvaVq0tgyY/s1600/stereo-headphone-amplifier-schematic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="169" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9GynPrNHUAk8zugTcREkadgmLDzneEfpeh9Go1pdfajc19mdIyO9WnuD6AroyO2Rcc8Th9fxctePRKYVxtLE0U9By4bL3fiFS5chjL8UV2rVTnf8S3wwYPOT7IEgzfybOccvaVq0tgyY/s320/stereo-headphone-amplifier-schematic.jpg" title="Stereo Headphone Amplifier Schematic" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Stereo Headphone Amplifier Schematic</div>
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One way around this is to feed the line-level outputs of this gear into your power amplifier and then plug your low-impedance headphones into that. That works but then you’re tethered to an immovable object. Besides, the power required to drive headphones is around 1/1000th of that required to drive loudspeakers, so a large power amplifier could be considered a tad oversized for the job!<br />
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Read more about <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/auto-battery-chargers.html" title="Battery Charger Circuit"><b>Battery Charger Circuit</b></a> and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/metal-detector.html" title="Metal Detector Circuit"><b>Metal Detector Circuit</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-64367954396246923252010-10-21T09:51:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:14:16.691-07:00Temperature Data Logger<h3 style="color: red;">
Temperature Data Logger 4 Channel</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL_iyWz8EUZkWB_AjMZg0DXTH1Y1QQQT3wtbHBLKI57mk_auz8FZnJ8sDxFqRC-exLQZPeGKp2chIbwotCm07IwggaMI_B00O38YQBX7MfTUt47nMwF60Xo31d6sbxIzhDukrR8jYcaPQ/s1600/temperature-logger-Kit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="167" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL_iyWz8EUZkWB_AjMZg0DXTH1Y1QQQT3wtbHBLKI57mk_auz8FZnJ8sDxFqRC-exLQZPeGKp2chIbwotCm07IwggaMI_B00O38YQBX7MfTUt47nMwF60Xo31d6sbxIzhDukrR8jYcaPQ/s200/temperature-logger-Kit.jpg" title="Temperature Data Logger" width="200" /></a></div>
Here's a<b> temperature data logger</b> circuit, an 8-pin microcontroller based circuit for temperature data logging via the serial port of any computer from between 1 and 4 remote digital temperature sensors, DS1820/DS18S20 made by Dallas.<br />
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<b>Features of the Temperature Data Logger</b><br />
<ul>
<li>Provides realtime data via the serial port.</li>
<li>Interfaces up to 4 x DS1820 sensors.</li>
<li>Accuracy to 0.5 degrees centigrade</li>
<li>Fahrenheit scale selected by a jumper</li>
<li>No external power required</li>
<li>Data stream easily logged & processed.</li>
<li>Over 200m distance for each sensor</li>
</ul>
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<b>Four Channel Temperature Data Logger Schematic</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitaICsVYS2W8-PrTSjOGsU6imsOQ4ZJ_UWckhf6tvy9YPmMeXRdgHqeXbIWdWB9zS6DL8_3Pz-riA36TKcu8sRU8_nbgM3OzC1_XFcu6pJUSrSZV4M8glJMazntU-w8n-BqP_mwooeZ64/s1600/temperature-logger-schematic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitaICsVYS2W8-PrTSjOGsU6imsOQ4ZJ_UWckhf6tvy9YPmMeXRdgHqeXbIWdWB9zS6DL8_3Pz-riA36TKcu8sRU8_nbgM3OzC1_XFcu6pJUSrSZV4M8glJMazntU-w8n-BqP_mwooeZ64/s320/temperature-logger-schematic.jpg" title="Temperature Data Logger Schematic" width="320" /></a></div>
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The sensors of <i>temperature data logger</i> may be located more than 200 yards from the PCB. Just check that the remote VDD is above 4.4Volts. It's recommends 10uF tantalum capacitors be placed across the <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="power supply">power supply</a> pins (not supplied) to minimise random errors and possibly get increased range.<br />
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<b>Four Channel Temperature Data Logger Overlay</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid-u9SIV90uaVow_9ndglSJficvU-iRaVqjw3Qe7jCMt15DaFtUWlBtoCoWUC53MN_J385WBES7_xM6wRKyRuRFfVEg4nG-6qnxsHH1Loxb-HCqg3MLF6B45FFLJMSJHV1auPvBiPIHK0/s1600/temperature-logger-overlay.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid-u9SIV90uaVow_9ndglSJficvU-iRaVqjw3Qe7jCMt15DaFtUWlBtoCoWUC53MN_J385WBES7_xM6wRKyRuRFfVEg4nG-6qnxsHH1Loxb-HCqg3MLF6B45FFLJMSJHV1auPvBiPIHK0/s320/temperature-logger-overlay.jpg" title="Temperature Data Logger Overlay" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Download :</b><br />
- <a href="http://www.electronickits.com/kit/complete/meas/ck110.pdf" rel="nofollow" title="Circuit Schematic and Parts List">Circuit Schematic and Parts List</a><br />
- Sensor Specs <a href="http://partcomponentdb.blogspot.com/2008/11/ds1820-digital-thermometer-datasheet.html" rel="nofollow" tile="DS1820">DS1820</a> - <a href="http://partcomponentdb.blogspot.com/2008/11/ds18s20-high-precision-digital.html" rel="nofollow" title="DS18S20">DS18S20</a><br />
- Software for <a href="http://www.electronickits.com/kit/complete/meas/ck110win.zip" rel="nofollow" title="Windows">Windows</a> and <a href="http://www.electronickits.com/kit/complete/meas/ck110dos.zip" rel="nofollow" title="DOS">DOS</a><br />
- <a href="http://www.electronickits.com/kit/complete/meas/tsl-1.2.tar.gz" rel="nofollow" title="Source Code">Source Code</a><br />
- <a href="http://www.electronickits.com/kit/complete/meas/term.zip" rel="nofollow" title="Terminal Emulator">Terminal Emulator</a><br />
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Read more about <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/solar-aa-battery-charger.html" title="AA Battery Charger"><b>AA Battery Charger</b></a> and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/6v-charger.html" title="Lead/acid Battery Charger"><b>Lead/acid Battery Charger</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-1837066247622607572010-10-21T09:21:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:13:30.606-07:00Marine Battery Charger<h3 style="color: red;">
How to Install a Marine Battery Charger</h3>
When it comes to boating, few things are more frustrating than having a dead battery. Unlike <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/auto-battery-chargers.html" title="car batteries">car batteries</a>, boat batteries experience a lot of down time, and they're also relied on while the engine isn't running. These factors can cause the power cells in a battery to die, unless you're diligent about charging on a regular basis. With an onboard <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/alkaline-charger.html" title="charging system">charging system</a>, you can automate this process instead of worrying about being stranded by a dead battery.<br />
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<b>Step 1</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguUYf3i_u-nAjKHZJjcjYXYlWQ45ziRFQzrfYAdqT6tKZP31P3uDglVAL0kLvQ1hdfVgQqVqZqV29_jU5Gi7JReCTPvtMGDXk96k78_0Kw6NvokAlNO7rs9uqzNa-MCLNrzHj3Vb5PRkw/s1600/marine-battery-charger-installation-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguUYf3i_u-nAjKHZJjcjYXYlWQ45ziRFQzrfYAdqT6tKZP31P3uDglVAL0kLvQ1hdfVgQqVqZqV29_jU5Gi7JReCTPvtMGDXk96k78_0Kw6NvokAlNO7rs9uqzNa-MCLNrzHj3Vb5PRkw/s200/marine-battery-charger-installation-1.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
First, select a mounting location that allows for free-air ventilation with a minimum of 8 inches of clear, unobstructed space around and in front of the charger. Open all battery and engine compartments, and ventilate for at least 15 minutes before actually starting the installation. Don't install the charger on carpeted, vinyl or varnished areas. Be sure to place the charger in an accessible area where all indicators are viewable. If you have more than one battery, as in this case, confirm that all battery cables can reach each of the batteries. In this demonstration, the unit is mounted on a 3/4-inch plywood support board in the engine compartment. Make sure that the surface you're mounting on is adequate in strength and thickness in order to hold the unit in place with the mounting screws you've selected.<br />
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<b>Step 2</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLTSajOvXImV__gxiVbY-4VnCYVakGV9m892L5LoCSrTGDqmUCIFLE3uZ89iDWzrTycS_wZqR1URZ7A249o53hUrqXVjnG9x9J1YvAOW6eaqyHbXXyzDGfTcMiN9vW4jxr9s8SJhdse_o/s1600/marine-battery-charger-installation-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLTSajOvXImV__gxiVbY-4VnCYVakGV9m892L5LoCSrTGDqmUCIFLE3uZ89iDWzrTycS_wZqR1URZ7A249o53hUrqXVjnG9x9J1YvAOW6eaqyHbXXyzDGfTcMiN9vW4jxr9s8SJhdse_o/s200/marine-battery-charger-installation-2.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
Once you've selected a sturdy surface to mount the unit on, clean each battery post with a wire brush until it becomes shiny. Run your cables free from sharp objects and hold each of them in place with cable ties. Be sure to coil any excess cable - don't cut or shorten the length of the cables, as there are inline fuses located 4 inches from the end of each red (positive) cable. Connect the <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="D/C output">D/C output</a> cables to the battery, securing the positive (red) connections first, then securing the negative (black or yellow). Make sure all connections are tight and correct. Locate the A/C power cord in an open-air area of your boat at least 21 inches from the charger, batteries and fuel fill lines. NOTE: If you have gel batteries, please refer to the installation guide for instructions on <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/nimh-battery-chargers.html" title="how to set the charger">how to set the charger</a> for this operation.<br />
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<b>Step 3</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHO5rbhbQKNEV9t2lnfxBeFpRtukXC255cEf_NrekAGZHZPSUFf0CPBGWu38gZCVRjXLv52m3uV_E0ZWn64kHnESyW3d8-hnFxfw9j6cY6Nbnprra_euoIm6cVSt_cRg3sOljCep2xy3s/s1600/marine-battery-charger-installation-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHO5rbhbQKNEV9t2lnfxBeFpRtukXC255cEf_NrekAGZHZPSUFf0CPBGWu38gZCVRjXLv52m3uV_E0ZWn64kHnESyW3d8-hnFxfw9j6cY6Nbnprra_euoIm6cVSt_cRg3sOljCep2xy3s/s200/marine-battery-charger-installation-3.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
Next, install a universal plug holder to use in conjunction with the charger. Again, select a location that's easily accessible and at least 21 inches away from all batteries and fuel fill lines. Drill a 1/8-inch pilot hole in the center of the area selected. Now use a 1 3/4-inch hole saw to cut the mounting hole into the pilot hole. Mount the plug holder, and secure it in place with the three stainless-steel screws provided. Insert the A/C power cord into the plug holder. At this point, if you don't wish to install a battery switch, the installation is complete. Connect a UL-approved extension cord to the first, and then plug the extension cord into a nearby charger120 VAC GFCI-protected outlet. While it's charging, view the LED indicators. You should observe that both the green "power" LED and the red "charging" LED are on, indicating that the charging mode is in process.<br />
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<b>Step 4</b><br />
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The boat used for this installation has two batteries, so cable extenders and a battery switch are also installed. It also has a 24-volt trolling motor, which needs to be powered along with several other 12-volt accessories, so a single-position switch is selected for easy switching from 24-volt to 12-volt. To install the extender cables, remove the A/C power from your onboard <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/alkaline-charger.html" title="battery charger">battery charger</a>. Connect the red wire to the positive terminal of battery #1 and the ground wire to the negative terminal of battery #2. Finally, select an easily accessible location for the switch, and mount it using four stainless-steel wood screws. Connect the positive (red) wire to the terminal labeled "battery" and the ground wire to the terminal labeled "common." Tighten all connections, and you're finished. (Authorized By Steve Noury - <a href="http://boatingworld.com/Articles/2007/07/How_To/Installing_A_Marine_Battery_Charger.html" rel="nofollow" title="Installing A Marine Battery Charger">Installing A Marine Battery Charger</a>)<br />
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See more about <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/solar-aa-battery-charger.html" title="Solar Battery Charger"><b>Solar Battery Charger</b></a> and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/nimh-battery-chargers.html" title="NiMH Battery Charger"><b>NiMH Battery Charger</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-89646183546218684772010-10-21T09:02:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:12:43.568-07:00Wireless Security Alarm<div style="color: red;">
<h3>
Simple Car Wireless Security Alarm</h3>
</div>
Alarm circuit is functioning as a car <b>wireless security alarm</b>. Yes, this is an FM radio-controlled anti-theft alarm. This alarm can be used on any vehicle that has a DC power supply 6-12V.<br />
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Alarm circuit system is divided into two parts, the <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/metal-detector.html" title="transmitter unit">transmitter unit</a> and receiver unit. Transmitter unit is working on the range of VHF Band II, exactly at a frequency of 88-108 MHz. This transmitter is a miniature FM transmitter that is installed in vehicles at night while parked in the car porch or car park.<br />
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<b>Simple Car Wireless Security Alarm Schematic</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3_5NL71szWBcQysm9Sve4sefT_wUc-KqN4nVmnt8qxKD0smoCBHgOFXhWaSRc1P-MfWN5pUQVr8AVUM_3m7DXp81bF_B5Lg6LA05UBSf4NIicZbyulvUkZHrK-R2Axz38a5t-TOAAhTk/s1600/simple-car-wireless-secuity-alarm-schematic.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3_5NL71szWBcQysm9Sve4sefT_wUc-KqN4nVmnt8qxKD0smoCBHgOFXhWaSRc1P-MfWN5pUQVr8AVUM_3m7DXp81bF_B5Lg6LA05UBSf4NIicZbyulvUkZHrK-R2Axz38a5t-TOAAhTk/s320/simple-car-wireless-secuity-alarm-schematic.gif" title="Simple Car Wireless Alarm Schematic" width="320" /></a></div>
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The receiver is a single IC-based FM radio module, CXA1019, kept inside. Receiver tuned frequency matches the transmitter. CXA1019 IC is widely available in the market with an affordable price, or you can find replacement parts CXA1191.<br />
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<b>How This Car Wireless Secuity Alarm Works</b><br />
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When the transmitter is on and the signals are being received by the FM radio receiver, no hissing noise is available at the output of the receiver. Thus transistor T2 (BC548) does not conduct. This result in the relay driver transistor T3 getting its forward base bias via 10k resistor R5 and the relay gets energized.<br />
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When an intruder tries to drive the car and takes it a few metres away from the car porch, the radio link between the car (transmitter) and alarm (receiver) is broken. As a result FM radio module generates hissing noise.<br />
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Hissing AC signals are coupled to relay switching circuit via an audio transformer. These AC signals are rectified and filtered by diode D1 and capacitor C8, and the resulting positive <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/6v-charger.html" title="DC voltage">DC voltage</a> provides a forward bias to transistor T2. Thus transistor T2 conducts, and it pulls the base of relay driver transistor T3 to ground level. The relay thus gets de-activated and the alarm connected via N/C contacts of relay is switched on.<br />
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If, by chance, the intruder finds out about the <i>wireless security alarm</i> and disconnects the transmitter from battery, still remote alarm remains activated because in the absence of signal, the receiver continues to produce hissing noise at its output. So the burglar alarm is fool-proof and highly reliable.<br />
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Read more about <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/solar-aa-battery-charger.html" title="AA Solar Charger"><b>AA Solar Charger</b></a> and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/auto-battery-chargers.html" title="Auto Battery Charger"><b>Auto Battery Charger</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-20783027530315195812010-10-05T12:08:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:12:13.556-07:00Metal Detector<h3 style="color: red;">
Best Metal Detector-Homemade</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfxAZCUbzM9G_QJSGGfijFq4TaRgMsvjjGSUG9BDuc-DMnMnNIoeRdNYMJ1jfzJQVDiSOgw8TV6ECAGyIwUHdXWtxB_eLPmZpq0Jbxm_T33YM3vGG5YyjbCMP5QxIQ94AGHy8KaDarunY/s1600/metal-detector.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Bounty Hunter TRACKERIV/TK4-PL Tracker IV Metal Detector" border="0" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfxAZCUbzM9G_QJSGGfijFq4TaRgMsvjjGSUG9BDuc-DMnMnNIoeRdNYMJ1jfzJQVDiSOgw8TV6ECAGyIwUHdXWtxB_eLPmZpq0Jbxm_T33YM3vGG5YyjbCMP5QxIQ94AGHy8KaDarunY/s320/metal-detector.jpg" title="Metal Detector" width="320" /></a></div>
Nowadays, metal detection has become a hobby of many people. Besides as a funny and interesting hobby for them, they also wished indeed a treasure that is embedded in the soil when excavated. For this one hobby, you have to have a tool known as a <b>metal detector</b>.<br />
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To undergo this hobby is quite expensive to buy. But for those of you who want to try to make yourself a <i>metal detector</i>, the following will be presented a simple schematic that relates to metal detection.<br />
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The operation of <b>metal detector</b> is based on superheterodying principle, which is generally used in a heterodyne receiver. This circuit uses two RF oscillators. Both oscillator frequency is fixed at 5.5 MHz. The first RF oscillator comprises transistor T1 (BF 494) and 5.5 MHz ceramic filter commonly used in TV sound-IF section.<br />
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The second oscillator is an oscillator Colpitt realization with the help of the transistor T3 (BF494) and inductor L1 (follow the details of construction) was driven by trimmer capacitor VC1.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm1yGeCIpfMB3kysZ6rfBy5l40kEKDpFz7iZK0kSd_jDNmuarx9LFnipsnoCEvnYd49_7_ple2JXn9kGpntaRlK8kXQ9DBMLGbNLZz_nLnbcCF6JXrBV7JA20AzJuwg0QJjhuNnOdejf4/s1600/metal-detector.gif" imageanchor="1"><img alt="Simple Metal Detector Circuit" border="0" height="130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm1yGeCIpfMB3kysZ6rfBy5l40kEKDpFz7iZK0kSd_jDNmuarx9LFnipsnoCEvnYd49_7_ple2JXn9kGpntaRlK8kXQ9DBMLGbNLZz_nLnbcCF6JXrBV7JA20AzJuwg0QJjhuNnOdejf4/s1600/metal-detector.gif" title="Metal Detector" width="320" /></a></div>
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These two oscillator frequencies (say Fx and Fy) are mixed in a mixer transistor T2 (another BF 494) and the difference or the frequency of beats (Fx-Fy) output from the collector of transistor T2 is connected to phase detector consists of diodes D1 and D2 (both OA79).<br />
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The Output is a pulsating DC, which is passed through a low pass filter realized with the help of 10K resistor R12 and two 15nF capacitors C6 and C10. It is then forwarded to the AF amplifier IC1 (2822M) via volume control VR1 and the output fed to the speaker 8 ohm/1W.<br />
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Inductor L1 can be constructed using 15 turns of wire 25SWG at 10 cm (4-inch) diameter air-core former and then cementing with insulating varnish. For proper operation of the circuit, it is important that the frequency of the oscillator is equal to obtain zero beats in the absence of any metal in close to the circuit.<br />
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Adjustment of oscillator 2 (to match the frequency of oscillator 1) can be done with the help of the trimmer capacitor VC1. When two frequencies are the same, the beat frequency is zero, i.e. beat frequency = Fx-Fy = 0, and thus there is no sound from the loudspeaker.<br />
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When the search coil L1 through the metal, the metal changes its inductance, thus changing the frequency of the second oscillator. So now Fx-Fy is zero and the loudspeaker voice. So one is able to detect the presence of metal.<br />
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You may interested in reading my other guide on <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/alkaline-charger.html" title="Alkaline Battery Charger"><b>Alkaline Battery Charger</b></a> and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/solar-aa-battery-charger.html" title="AA Solar Battery Charger "><b>AA Solar Battery Charger</b> </a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-69791314035163290272010-10-05T00:54:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:10:55.626-07:006V Charger<h3 style="color: red;">
6V Charger Design for Lead/Acid Batteries</h3>
When you are surfing on the internet to find the <b>6V charger</b> circuit for <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/auto-battery-chargers.html" title="rechargeable batteries">rechargeable batteries</a>, perhaps most of them are for <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/nimh-battery-chargers.html" title="NiMH or NiCd batteries">NiMH or NiCd batteries</a>. You should not use them because they will not work for Lead / Acid batery.<br />
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If you want to build a <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="6V charger"><i>6V charger</i></a> or greater, the best way to charge a battery is with a current limited voltage regulator. The following Lead/Acid <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/alkaline-charger.html" title="battery charger schematic">battery charger schematic</a> installed at 1A maximum current.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLnjxefZahsyNyXRzJctKOWI9LkSNB-P0DwthiG3hvcD1MJT7Se2008hhKSIdHEGXa5BTS50LacCYhyKmKWt_SyFNdNV-TQ6xOYUrzoBWMVRcDVPbvp3-aykUuiFfXXGhxgek_vjPAaY8/s1600/6v-charger.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="6V Lead/Acid Battery Charger" border="0" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLnjxefZahsyNyXRzJctKOWI9LkSNB-P0DwthiG3hvcD1MJT7Se2008hhKSIdHEGXa5BTS50LacCYhyKmKWt_SyFNdNV-TQ6xOYUrzoBWMVRcDVPbvp3-aykUuiFfXXGhxgek_vjPAaY8/s320/6v-charger.gif" title="6V Charger" width="320" /></a></div>
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If the current rises over this set current, the regulator will be forced to issue a lower voltage. Since voltage drops, so will the current; hence current limited. While the battery is charging, the current should decrease slowly while voltage starts to increase. In the end, the current will be next to zero and the voltage will be equal to the voltage specified.<br />
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Use the following to design a charger:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFClpN7AP7bs9D-X6utMkwRBI6HgrKkDJlk-8cnhao0V7A543xSZsUSbbpnPZLFKv4HK2TNkXNtz_9JmihmyWDg3X5zJmlWWUBVkDhDYCzD4miXjlF6rnwtkMAtG93_io7Ixg6mLU2Ovc/s1600/6v-charger-setup.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="6V Lead/Acid Battery Charger Setup" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFClpN7AP7bs9D-X6utMkwRBI6HgrKkDJlk-8cnhao0V7A543xSZsUSbbpnPZLFKv4HK2TNkXNtz_9JmihmyWDg3X5zJmlWWUBVkDhDYCzD4miXjlF6rnwtkMAtG93_io7Ixg6mLU2Ovc/" height="594" title="6V Charger Setup" width="434" /></a></div>
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Diode over the regulator in the schematic is just a safety, which aims to prevent damage to the regulator when the supply is turned off. In this situation, the battery is still attached to offer a negative <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="voltage regulator">voltage regulator</a>, because the voltage at the output is greater than the voltage on the input. In this situation, the regulator diode shorts and avoids problems.<br />
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Maybe you are interesting with my other guide on <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/alkaline-charger.html" title="Alkaline Charger"><b>Alkaline Charger</b></a> dan <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/solar-aa-battery-charger.html" title="Solar AA Battery Charger"><b>Solar AA Battery Charger</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-69315627035875216792010-10-04T02:23:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:10:20.794-07:00NiMH Battery Chargers<h3 style="color: red;">
USB Powered NiMH Battery Charger</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOScrJIv-KU5RTnu8FAaaOG6DfkfzX4c02tnugTg2zwg7iQArWlO87I7ciCg4GzmlAwVTosaLCmnHTWK2lDTTnxVWib6ZrEiHEs1gPScfDGypsgFpe_y0LhtLAgEGo5W_P0Fq0FXWU3bY/s1600/nimh-battery-chargers-at-laptop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="NiMH Battery Charger at Laptop" border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOScrJIv-KU5RTnu8FAaaOG6DfkfzX4c02tnugTg2zwg7iQArWlO87I7ciCg4GzmlAwVTosaLCmnHTWK2lDTTnxVWib6ZrEiHEs1gPScfDGypsgFpe_y0LhtLAgEGo5W_P0Fq0FXWU3bY/s200/nimh-battery-chargers-at-laptop.jpg" title="NiMH Battery Charger" width="200" /></a></div>
Widely available AA <b>NiMH battery chargers</b> are in the market, even those already in a single package that can be used to charge other battery types such as NiCd, NiCad, and other types.<br />
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<a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/alkaline-charger.html" title="battery charger">Battery charger</a> in this project is designed for two AA NiMH or NiCd cells of any capacity (as long as they are the same) at approximately 470 mA which will use the USB port as power.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXX6ccZbuM_2GYAw2Pb7MC6BEuBakqGjrWcCey6DrGVLX5pTTcXtRoYOUbyeyrx31oy6QlfELnOljcum2rCnsZrsq2rICUf641QXUecSgvbfEWRkbAq7DecW3WHdX524nS9b1KnYX8D3E/s1600/nimh-battery-chargers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="NiMH Battery Chargers-USB Powered" border="0" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXX6ccZbuM_2GYAw2Pb7MC6BEuBakqGjrWcCey6DrGVLX5pTTcXtRoYOUbyeyrx31oy6QlfELnOljcum2rCnsZrsq2rICUf641QXUecSgvbfEWRkbAq7DecW3WHdX524nS9b1KnYX8D3E/s320/nimh-battery-chargers.jpg" title="NiMH Battery Chargers" width="320" /></a></div>
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This battery charger will charge 700mAh NiCds in about 1.5 hours, 1500mAh NiMHs in about 3.5 hours, and 2500mAh NiMHs in about 5.5 hours. Charger incorporates the automatic bill cut-off circuit based on cell temperature, and the cells can be left in the charger indefinitely after the cut-off. The NiMH <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/solar-aa-battery-charger.html" title="Battery charger schematic">Battery charger schematic</a> can be viewed as follows:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8qWkfzqdIsPZT5lehL3ouwo-b1ztu6t70idDsuYBSaon3SqQQPLpBGDY61FOQE3Sf7vs-dAzEY7LduO2GOIDsZBpW6GJpf_knnT5UPgbbvNVRdQ4vvB8BY8_6uY2_VnF5kKUABZSJP40/s1600/nimh-battery-chargers-schematic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="USB Powered Battery Charger Schematic" border="0" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8qWkfzqdIsPZT5lehL3ouwo-b1ztu6t70idDsuYBSaon3SqQQPLpBGDY61FOQE3Sf7vs-dAzEY7LduO2GOIDsZBpW6GJpf_knnT5UPgbbvNVRdQ4vvB8BY8_6uY2_VnF5kKUABZSJP40/s320/nimh-battery-chargers-schematic.jpg" title="NiMH Battery Cahrgers Schematic" width="320" /></a></div>
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As important to know that any USB port can supply 5V up to 500mA. USB standard specifies that the device cannot use more than 100mA until it has negotiated the right to use the 500mA, but apparently no USB ports enforce that requirement. This makes the USB port is a convenient source of power for devices like this<a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/auto-battery-chargers.html" title=" charger"> charger</a>.<br />
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<b>PCB Artwork</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPFUYwRkEswzUeGfKPFDo3NUM5UjrNhv5aLYNOPT0Gs-ayD2xHM9I_8VDnf0xjGTTr1YI9Zr3I34T3dbpT_25ecdekOp56RsK9Pj8LyCc_8epqz5-e5fBKj3O4heRqLdjtHMszikf5AlM/s1600/nimh-battery-chargers-pcb-artwork.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="NiMH Battery Chargers-PCB Artwork" border="0" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPFUYwRkEswzUeGfKPFDo3NUM5UjrNhv5aLYNOPT0Gs-ayD2xHM9I_8VDnf0xjGTTr1YI9Zr3I34T3dbpT_25ecdekOp56RsK9Pj8LyCc_8epqz5-e5fBKj3O4heRqLdjtHMszikf5AlM/s320/nimh-battery-chargers-pcb-artwork.jpg" title="NiMH Battery Chagers" width="320" /></a></div>
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Maybe you are interesting with my other guide about the <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="LM317 Circuit"><b>LM317 Circuit</b></a> and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/alkaline-charger.html" title="Alkaline Charger"><b>Alkaline Charger</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-59288818542997665722010-10-02T23:31:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:09:39.049-07:00Auto Battery Chargers<h3 style="color: red;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Understanding Auto Battery Chargers</span></h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3Q8Ly8wMMAKAiAiYlJgoRTXTF5wpKu0W7yHQ2i2J28WyyjuF_qXqx7_dR4YJBuAjnOAKHvKGQ1mTs4KHH-P7MclE-xr8TLszjJ1rv9A096gEbXoeNNlTpLM-1Fx2ZAVGdFN7ZvFScKtA/s1600/auto-battery-chargers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Auto battery Chargers-Best Brand" border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3Q8Ly8wMMAKAiAiYlJgoRTXTF5wpKu0W7yHQ2i2J28WyyjuF_qXqx7_dR4YJBuAjnOAKHvKGQ1mTs4KHH-P7MclE-xr8TLszjJ1rv9A096gEbXoeNNlTpLM-1Fx2ZAVGdFN7ZvFScKtA/s320/auto-battery-chargers.jpg" title="Auto Battery Chargers" width="320" /></a></div>
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Today many types of <b>auto battery chargers</b> are available in the market. They were made for various types of automobile and specifications. It is not difficult if you want to get the perfect charger for your auto battery charger. Whether you are just a driver every day, or you have a recreational vehicle, there are many types for you.<br />
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There is a wide selection of brand auto battery charger. Most of them have been around for a very long time and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/alkaline-charger.html" title="battery charger">battery charger</a> products, they have proven quality and reliability. Including improvement of quality and technology over time. Brands include Schumacher battery charger, Vector charger, and Century battery charger.<br />
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<b>Heavy Duty Auto Battery Charger</b><br />
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The standard battery used in cars are 12 volt batteries, including those for heavy-duty auto battery charger. 'Heavy Duty' only means that the charger can provide <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="power supply">power supply</a> is greater than the usual 12 volt auto <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/solar-aa-battery-charger.html" title="battery charger">battery charger</a>.<br />
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<b>12 Volt Chargers</b><br />
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For those who have recreational vehicles, 12 volt charger is the best. You can save time, money and hassle by keeping the power is fully charged. Battery can be recharged and get your trip, if or when your battery dies.<br />
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The older 12 Volt chargers were ones that you had to watch very closely to make sure you weren't over charging your battery. With the new chargers, you can elongate the life of your battery while saving money in the process.<br />
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Read more about <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="LM317 circuit"><b>LM317 Circuit</b></a> and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/solar-aa-battery-charger.html" title="Solar AA Battery Charger"><b>Solar AA Battery Charger</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-42530368111074135142010-10-02T21:32:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:08:58.278-07:00Solar AA Battery Charger<h3 style="color: red;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Build A Simple Solar AA Battery Charger-LM317 Circuit</span></h3>
This is a solar panel charger schematic for AA and AAA rechargeable batteries. A small solar panel would be very good as a source of voltage charger. Building a <b>solar AA battery charger</b> only requires a few components and a simple construction.<br />
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This <i>Solar AA battery charger</i> has a serious limitation. Solar panels should be well adapted to the battery to be charged or the battery may be overcharged. If you want to charge batteries with different capacities, then you need to change the solar panels.<br />
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Since this is a simple solar <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/alkaline-charger.html" title="battery charger">battery charger</a> that does not automatically turn off when the battery is full. So we need to maintain the charging current is low enough that will not damage the battery even when they are fully charged.<br />
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An <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="LM317T voltage regulator">LM317T voltage regulator</a> chip that can be used with a suitable resistor to regulate current. See <b>solar AA battery charger </b>below:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlC0M1cI7lm1bl-mfvmKM029e-p63c1LEQN_cpy_M52qd4AR6ki9E6Nd_CvtooKtvpEA_ENBRB8kB1MBKHWI2VRa0mtakS-2p3AbAbKp2NFQUO_-tB9UgHVA1IIaW2Z9oA6CKE3xM4Utw/s1600/solar-aa-battery-charger-schematic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Solar AA Battery Charger Schematic" border="0" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlC0M1cI7lm1bl-mfvmKM029e-p63c1LEQN_cpy_M52qd4AR6ki9E6Nd_CvtooKtvpEA_ENBRB8kB1MBKHWI2VRa0mtakS-2p3AbAbKp2NFQUO_-tB9UgHVA1IIaW2Z9oA6CKE3xM4Utw/s320/solar-aa-battery-charger-schematic.jpg" title="Solar AA Battery Charger" width="320" /></a></div>
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Required resistor value is given by Ohm's Law as 1.25V divided by the required output current. (1.25V is regulated output from the LM317T ADJ's output.)<br />
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The higher the input voltage and current, the more heat will be generated by LM317T since the output current is fixed and the extra power to go somewhere. LM317T will overcome the current to 1.5 Amps and the like will have no problem at all with small solar panels.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8R8orcaOtFnpWzLZs2S0MMEDmVYiQXwJhO_TI_q6LPqbmYcTLns3g6FmtanXWbT4qlwlGzZhEwEvjN4vEc0bqmOvuPwa-apb-qY9ppSjko-CTZa804JEpXs-mTGxIVPX-yuhuvxLIVJ0/s1600/solar-aa-battery-charger-test.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Solar AA Battery Charger Test" border="0" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8R8orcaOtFnpWzLZs2S0MMEDmVYiQXwJhO_TI_q6LPqbmYcTLns3g6FmtanXWbT4qlwlGzZhEwEvjN4vEc0bqmOvuPwa-apb-qY9ppSjko-CTZa804JEpXs-mTGxIVPX-yuhuvxLIVJ0/s320/solar-aa-battery-charger-test.jpg" title="Solar AA Battery Charger" width="320" /></a></div>
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Read more about <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="LM317 circuit"><b>LM317 Circuit</b></a> and <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/10/alkaline-charger.html" title="Alkaline Charger"><b>Alkaline Charger</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-82499817460729222462010-10-01T02:23:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:07:42.270-07:00Alkaline Charger<h3 style="color: red;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Make A Simple Alkaline Charger</span></h3>
If you want to save your pocket in the use of alkaline batteries may require a battery charger. Here is <b>alkaline charger</b> that is a quite simple schematic which is specifically designed to charge 1.37V and 9V alkaline battery.<br />
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<b>How it Works</b><br />
Isolation is happening that occurs in an unusual connection transistor in each charging unit will transfer the charge accumulated in the capacitor to the cell. For a cell 1.37V. Orange LED will flash in one second about five times. However, it flashes more quickly if the cell completely empty and will decline to be stopped when the cell is charged. You can leave the cell on the charger because it will trickle charge and keep it at around 1.6V.<br />
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A fresh and unused alkaline cell are used to regulate the voltage properly. Make adjustments to the trimmer until oscillations set in, then go back to a little until no oscillation circuit is present and ready to operate. To be aware that you should use only the specified transistors, zener diode voltage, LED colors, and power rating because they will set the final voltage across the cell.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioHQPN-WeNLtbrPprCYBWHQLd_wVIoon1HLuzACrs9FrrKJlYgzBd_iIJ-S3ZBYeBA7p7HbnZwqZjPGOOVue80-LG1QwYpGVk223MSYEq6h1q7wUo5rFvZKgoRR2snO7ZGHkwWHhFeV-E/s1600/alkaline-charger.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Simple Alkaline Charger" border="0" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioHQPN-WeNLtbrPprCYBWHQLd_wVIoon1HLuzACrs9FrrKJlYgzBd_iIJ-S3ZBYeBA7p7HbnZwqZjPGOOVue80-LG1QwYpGVk223MSYEq6h1q7wUo5rFvZKgoRR2snO7ZGHkwWHhFeV-E/s320/alkaline-charger.gif" title="Alkaline Charger" width="320" /></a></div>
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All types of alkaline cells can be recharged with this <i>alkaline charger</i>: it will take one day for a discharged AA cell or 9V battery and up to several days for a large D type cell. The best practice is not to discharge completely the cell or battery but rather to give a short charge every so often although admittedly this is not easy to achieve. Do not attempt to recharge a totally discharged cell or a cell showing even the slightest sign of damage.<br />
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Read more about <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="LM317 circuit"><b>LM317 circuit</b></a> for making <a href="http://e-schematics.blogspot.com/2010/09/lm317-circuit.html" title="6V DC Power Supply"><b>6V DC Power Supply</b></a>.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6847027637664780411.post-27121116433360808842010-09-30T21:51:00.000-07:002016-08-01T10:07:01.468-07:00LM317 Circuit<div style="color: red;">
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<span style="font-size: large;">6V DC Power Supply Schematic-LM317 Circuit</span></h3>
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This is a DC power supply circuit using the LM317T voltage regulator IC, which is the IC of this type is very popular among electronics hobby. Parameter to regulate the output DC voltage carried by the <b>LM317 circuit</b> with a maximum current of 1A.<br />
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LM317 output voltage of this circuit is 6V DC, source from the stress out of the 12V CT AC transformer, and then converted to DC half-wave voltage by diodes D1-D2, and filtered by C1 condensator. The transformer is used should be about 1-2A.<br />
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Output voltage of 6V DC power supply circuit is determined by the value of R1 and R2. Diodes D3-D4 on the LM317 voltage current circuit to protect poor return for <i>LM317 circuit</i> IC. As for the other capacitors C3-C4 is used to refine the output voltage, and complete power supply circuits. See the schematic below:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZWFf1fqUzVvKwwUjSE_8jsp2PKUC4ILHUOxye_fJ7tXydbm2L33MeeSle-RRDYxREy8SUYc6yPDF2_zDPlY9rZ2EvsWjW5q24h2nfQzH6WZwT2Pc3k10Iika-bOv8RWRESQ2Enzvm9kw/s1600/lm317-circuit.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="6V DC Power Supply Schematic-LM317 Circuit" border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZWFf1fqUzVvKwwUjSE_8jsp2PKUC4ILHUOxye_fJ7tXydbm2L33MeeSle-RRDYxREy8SUYc6yPDF2_zDPlY9rZ2EvsWjW5q24h2nfQzH6WZwT2Pc3k10Iika-bOv8RWRESQ2Enzvm9kw/s320/lm317-circuit.gif" title="LM317 Circuit" width="320" /></a></div>
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More information to determine the value of R1 and R2 according to the desired output voltage, please download the datasheet of the <b>LM317 circuit</b>. Do you have an idea for a variable voltage out?. Download <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/11959707/LM317-Calculator.xls.html" rel="nofollow" title="LM317 Calculator"><b>LM317 Calculator</b></a> (Excel Files).<br />
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Congratulations experiment with <i>LM317 circuit</i> to one another output voltage and good luck!.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08178742617750591220noreply@blogger.com